• Public accounting firms hire candidates who meet the educational requirements for sitting for the Certified Public Accountant (CPA) exam: 150 hours of education including 24 hours of accounting.  This is 30 more hours than a typical bachelor’s degree.  Some schools offer combined five year master degree programs, but a master’s is not required.
• State laws govern the practice of accountancy and specify the requirements to be eligible to sit for the CPA exam and gain licensure. In most states, the State Board of Accountancy website outlines those requirements.
• Once gaining the CPA license, the American Institute of CPA’s offers specialty certifications.

• Some entry level positions do not require a CPA although many in higher level positions have both a CPA and a master’s degree.
• Many managers in corporate settings obtain an MBA degree after several years of work experience.
• The Institute of Management Accountants offers the Certified Management Accountant (CMA) to those who have worked in the field for two years, hold a bachelor’s degree, and pass a two part exam.
• Management accountants may move into internal auditing, however it is less likely to move to public accounting.

• Complete an internship in a government agency.
• Become familiar with the government application process.
• Some government agencies will help pay back student loans with an employee commitment to service for three years.
• Accounting is a “hot area” in government hiring and many opportunities exist in the public sector.

• Volunteer at non-profit organizations and build a network of contacts in the non-profit sector.

• A Ph.D. in Accounting or a DBA, Doctorate in Business Administration, in accounting is generally required.
• Maintain a high GPA and secure strong faculty recommendations for admittance into graduate school.

• Cultivate an eye for detail, strong organizational and communication skills, and the ability to handle multiple clients with various demands.
• Learn to think strategically and to mediate between company and client.
• Gain experience in sales by working at a campus or local newspaper or radio station.
• Develop budgeting and scheduling skills and be prepared to enforce deadlines.

• Develop and strengthen art skills. This is the creative side of advertising.
• Compile a portfolio of writing, graphics, and ideas.
• Gain knowledge of production and printing.
• Work with college or regional magazines, publications, or radio and television stations.
• Take technical writing courses to enhance writing skills.
• Learn how to sell your ideas and abilities.
• Seek experience in the field, even if unpaid.

• Gain practical experience through internships, part-time, or summer positions.
• Join a campus or local newspaper or radio advertising staff.
• Create a portfolio demonstrating strong creativity and marketing ability.
• Develop strong communication, interpersonal, and negotiation skills. Learn to take initiative.

• A Master’s or Ph.D. may be required for advanced statistical analysis.
• Gain experience with statistics, data interpretation, and writing.
• Complete a co-op program or internship at a market research firm.
• Obtain additional computer, math, and data analysis skills since research tends to involve “number crunching.”

• Obtain sales and marketing experience in specific area of interest.
• Develop excellent communication and negotiation skills.
• Demonstrate high energy, confidence, assertiveness, outgoing personality, tact, and diplomacy.
• Seek leadership roles in campus organizations or work settings.
• Develop a strong commitment to customer satisfaction.

• Get relevant experience through internships, part-time, or summer jobs.
• Perfect public speaking ability and writing skills.
• Demonstrate enthusiasm, interpersonal skills, persuasion, teamwork, integrity, good judgment, and intelligence.
• Gain administrative and event planning skills.
• Join a public relations student organization and seek leadership roles.

• Earn a Ph.D. to teach and research at four-year institutions. The interdisciplinary nature of Africana studies makes it good preparation for advanced education in a variety of fields in the humanities and social sciences.
• Obtain a master’s degree in student affairs or library/information science if interested in those areas.
• Get involved in leadership roles on campus such as peer mentor, resident advisor, or orientation leader.
• Join related professional associations as a student member.
• Volunteer to assist a professor with research or take an independent study class.
• Develop strong communication and public speaking skills

• Supplement curriculum with courses in psychology, social work, or child and family studies.
• Obtain a graduate degree in psychology, counseling, or social work for increased counseling opportunities or advancement into administrative work.
• Gain essential practical experience through part-time or summer jobs and internships.
• Volunteer with organizations that assist people of diverse backgrounds, such as ones providing services to refugees and immigrants.
• Participate in training opportunities, e.g. suicide prevention or crisis hotline response.
• Learn to work well with different types of people and gain experience working with diverse clientele.
• Acquire knowledge of government and community resources available for those in need.

• Volunteer at relevant local social service agencies to gain experience and demonstrate interest.
• Participate in campus “alternative break” trips or church-led mission trips to places such as the Caribbean, South America, or Africa.
• Develop excellent research, writing, communication, and organizational skills. Learn how to motivate individuals and groups.
• Earn leadership roles in campus organizations, e.g. the NAACP.
• Learn a language spoken in Africa, e.g. Swahili or Zulu. Plan to study abroad or volunteer in Africa.
• Seek cultural experiences on campus and get involved with the international student population.
• Plan to move to larger communities for more opportunities.

• Double major or minor in business.
• Gain business experience through internships or part-time and summer jobs.
• Become current with business and industry literature and news.
• Join campus organizations or professional societies and seek leadership roles.
• Understand the top skills employers desire and be prepared to demonstrate them, such as communication (oral and written), computer, interpersonal, leadership, and teamwork.
• Conduct informational interviews with professionals to learn more about career fields.
• When job searching, seek employers interested in hiring “any major.”
• Learn how to sell your Africana Studies major to companies that value cultural diversity.
• Be willing to start in a management-trainee program or other entry-level positions.
• Earn an MBA or a graduate degree in another area of interest for more advanced opportunities.

• Pair an interest in Africana Studies with communication skills to write about Blacks, write on topics of interest to minorities, or for publications targeting a Black audience.
• Obtain a minor in English or journalism or take other writing-focused classes.
• Write for campus publications such as college newspapers, magazines, or department/program newsletters.
• Volunteer to assist or tutor students in a writing center.
• Intern with a publishing house, magazine, or other relevant organizations.
• Create a portfolio of writing samples, especially those that have been published.
• Seek opportunities for recognition and networking through writing contests and freelance writing submissions.
• Become familiar with the proposal and submission process involved in freelance writing.

• Obtain the J.D. for law positions or an advanced degree in political science, public administration, or public policy for government positions.
• Supplement curriculum with relevant courses to prepare for law school.
• Maintain a high grade point average and secure strong faculty recommendations. Prepare for and take the Law School Admission Test (LSAT).
• Participate in activities that develop strong debate and public speaking skills such as mock trial.
• Get involved with the pre-law society on campus.
• Gain relevant experience through jobs or internships with law firms, government agencies, or mediation centers.

• Obtain teacher certification for public school positions.
• Plan to earn a master’s degree to work in college student affairs or university administration. Earn a Ph.D. to teach at the university level.
• Develop excellent writing and speaking skills.
• Learn to work well with all types of people and build strong interpersonal skills.
• Seek leadership positions in campus organizations related to agricultural science, natural resources, or agricultural education such as Future Farmers of America (FFA).
• Gain practical experience in the area of agriculture.
• Work with youth through volunteer positions or summer jobs with camps, 4-H programs, scouts, the YMCA, the YWCA, and other nonprofit organizations.

• Gain experience working with children and adults of varying ages.
• Participate in organizations such as 4-H or FFA and seek leadership roles.
• Develop strong communication skills, particularly public speaking and group presenting, because extension agents must effectively deliver information to people.
• Take courses in economics and community development.
• Demonstrate high energy and good problem solving abilities.
• Be willing to live in rural communities and to travel within the county. Prepare to work some evenings and weekends.
• Earn a master’s degree to qualify for higher level positions.

• Choose an area of interest, e.g. business, government, or community development, and gain relevant experience through internships, volunteer positions, or summer jobs.
• Get involved in campus organizations and student professional associations such as Alpha Zeta agricultural honor society. Assume leadership roles.
• Learn to work effectively in teams, but also develop strong leadership qualities.
• Become a strong communicator and learn to relate well with people from all backgrounds.
• Develop physical stamina, resourcefulness, and outdoor skills for some informal education positions.

• Earn a minor or take additional courses in areas such as journalism, advertising, or graphic design.
• Build strong communication skills, both written and oral.
• Work for campus or local newspapers, radio, or television stations.
• Participate in related student organizations and seek leadership positions. Volunteer to write newsletters or maintain the website.
• Get involved with the Agricultural Communicators of Tomorrow.
• Gain relevant experience through internships, summer jobs, or volunteer positions.
• Learn to work well with various computer programs including desktop publishing and web design.
• Be willing to relocate for greater opportunities.

• Earn a Ph.D. to teach and research at four-year institutions. The interdisciplinary nature of American studies makes it good preparation for advanced education in a variety of fields in the humanities and social sciences.
• Obtain a master’s degree in student affairs or library/information science if interested in those areas.
• Get involved in leadership roles on campus such as peer mentor, resident advisor, or orientation leader.
• Join related professional associations as a student member.
• Volunteer to assist a professor with research or take an independent study class.
• Develop strong communication and public speaking skills.

• Gain relevant experience through internships or volunteer positions in museums or galleries.
• Earn a graduate degree in museum studies, conservation, information science, or related area.
• Research prerequisites and take the necessary courses. The most competitive candidates may have more than one graduate degree.
• Acquire strong experience with computers, databases, and software.
• Get involved with relevant student organizations
• Develop excellent written and oral communication skills, organizational skills, and an attention to detail.
• Learn about grant writing, budgeting, and legal issues surrounding historical artifacts.
• Attend professional conferences, seminars, and trainings.
• Earn the “Certified Archivist” designation.
• Most curators specialize in a material or objects.

• Gain experience through volunteering or completing an internship.
• Obtain leadership roles in relevant campus and community organizations.
• Develop strong communication and research skills.
• Supplement curriculum with courses in business, psychology, sociology, or social work depending upon interest.
• Learn how to write grants.
• Develop an understanding of budgeting and fiscal management.
• Research organizations’ values to find a good fit with yours. It is critical that you are knowledgeable about and committed to the work you’re going to do.
• Investigate term of service or service corps positions as a way to gain entry into the field.
• Consider earning a graduate degree for more job opportunities and advancement.

• Earn a minor in business or take business classes.
• Develop strong verbal and written communication, interpersonal, and analytical skills.
• Learn to work well on a team.
• Seek leadership roles in campus organizations.  Join related professional associations.
• Gain experience through internships, part-time, or summer jobs.
• Develop computer skills in areas such as spread sheets, databases, and presentation software.
• Conduct informational interviews to learn about jobs of interest and to build a network of contacts.
• Be prepared to start in entry-level positions such as management trainee programs.
• Look for companies that have an interest in hiring “any major.”

• Minor in an applicable interest area such as business, political science, or public administration.
• Take courses in conflict management and develop negotiation skills.
• Volunteer to work on a local or national political campaigns.
• Join related student organizations and earn leadership roles. Get involved with student government and campus campaigns.
• Complete an internship with a government agency to get a foot in the door. Research government internship programs.
• Maintain a strong grade point average as many government programs are very competitive.
• Learn local, state, and federal government job application procedures. Visit the campus career center for assistance.
• Develop a network of contacts through informational interviews and referrals.
• Consider earning a graduate degree to qualify for more opportunities.

• Obtain a minor in English or journalism or take other writing-focused classes.
• Write for campus publications such as college newspapers, magazines, or department/program newsletters.
• Volunteer to assist or tutor students in a writing center.
• Intern with a publishing house, magazine, or other relevant organizations.
• Create a portfolio of writing samples, especially those that have been published.
• Seek opportunities for recognition and networking through writing contests and freelance writing submissions.
• Become familiar with the proposal and submission process involved in freelance writing.

• Develop strong research skills and attention to detail.
• Participate in debate or forensic team to hone communication skills.
• Choose courses or a minor to specialize in a particular area of law, e.g. a minor in business for a career in corporate law.
• Find part-time or summer work in a law firm.
• Shadow an attorney to learn more about the field and various specialties.
• Get involved in pre-law organizations.
• Plan to attend law school and earn a law degree. Maintain a high grade point average and secure strong faculty recommendations. Prepare for the LSAT (Law School Admission Test).
• Obtain specialized certification for paralegal positions.

• Develop physical stamina, outdoor skills and comfort being in close proximity with large and small animals.
• Gain work experience in area of interest through internships, summer jobs or part-time work.
• Minor in business if interested in management or self-employment.
• Participate in related clubs and competition teams.
• Become familiar with federal job application procedures for government work.

• Obtain relevant experience through internships.
• Earn a minor in business.
• Must be highly motivated and well organized.
• Proven leadership abilities are desirable. Join related student organizations and seek leadership roles.
• Develop a strong commitment to customer satisfaction.
• Practice excellent communication skills, written and oral.
• Develop computer skills especially with spreadsheet, presentation and database software.
• Learn to work well both on a team and individually.
• Join related clubs and become active with competition teams.

• Obtain teacher certification for elementary and secondary school positions.
• Secure masters or doctoral degree for post-secondary teaching or other advanced positions.
• Exercise strong interpersonal skills.
• Practice excellent written and verbal communications skills.
• Gain related experience through volunteer positions, summer jobs, or internships.
• Learn to work well with all types of people.
• Seek leadership roles in student organizations.
• Become familiar with federal job application procedures for government work.
• Be prepared to live in rural communities for extension positions.

• Research veterinary programs, take pre-vet courses to meet veterinary school requirements, and prepare for application process.
• Maintain an excellent grade point average.
• Gain experience through volunteer positions, part-time jobs, or summer work. Consider working as a Veterinary Technician.
• Secure strong recommendations from professors.
• Develop physical stamina, outdoor skills and comfort being in close proximity with large and small animals.
• Exercise close attention to detail.
• Practice strong interpersonal skills.
• Gain extensive laboratory and research experience for research positions.
• Obtain internships at zoos or other wildlife sanctuaries.
• Become active in pre-vet and other related clubs.

• Advanced degrees are often required in these positions.
• Earn post-graduate certification through the Animal Certification Technician Board.
• Gain extensive laboratory and research experience by working in faculty laboratories through special problems courses, as a student employee, or through other departmental programs.
• Supplement curriculum with additional science courses in relevant areas (e.g. genetics, animal behavior, microbiology)
• Develop physical stamina, outdoor skills and comfort being in close proximity with large and small animals.
• Become familiar with federal job application procedures for government work.
• Gain work experience in area of interest through internships, co-ops, or summer or part-time work.

• Develop physical stamina, outdoor skills and comfort being in close proximity with large and small animals.
• Become familiar with federal job application procedures for government work.
• Gain work experience in area of interest through internships, summer jobs, or part-time work.
• Join student organizations and seek leadership roles.
• Participate in competition teams.
• Practice strong interpersonal skills.
• Exercise close attention to detail.

• Earn a Ph.D. in Anthropology for university and college faculty positions or an M.A./M.S. for community college positions.
• Earn a graduate degree in College Student Affairs, Library/Information Science or related field for work in student affairs, administration, or libraries.
• Gain research experience by assisting professors or participating in independent studies.
• Maintain a high GPA and develop strong personal recommendations.
• Develop excellent communication and presentation skills.
• Get involved in campus leadership positions such as Resident Assistant, Peer Advisor, or Admissions Tour Guide.

• Earn a graduate degree in museum studies, conservation, information science, or related area.
• Research prerequisites and take the necessary courses. The most competitive candidates may have more than one graduate degree.
• Acquire strong computer knowledge and experience.
• Obtain an internship in a related organization.
• Volunteer at campus or community museums.
• Get involved with relevant student organizations.
• Develop excellent written and oral communication skills, organizational skills, and an attention to detail.
• Learn about grant writing, budgeting, and legal issues surrounding historical artifacts.
• Join professional associations to have access to industry news and job information.
• Attend relevant conferences, seminars, and trainings.
• Earn the “Certified Archivist” designation.
• Most curators specialize in a material or objects.
• Be prepared to relocate to access the most employment opportunities.

• Field positions require a bachelors degree and previous field experience. Get involved with faculty research or other research programs.
• Obtain a graduate degree for more opportunities and to direct fi eld crews.
• Be willing to travel and possibly endure adverse living/working conditions during field studies or excavations. Conditions and hours vary with the type of work or research performed.

• Learn federal or state application procedures.
• Graduate degree generally required for higher level positions.
• Gain related experience through internships in areas of interest.
• Develop statistical, analytical and computer skills and learn various research methodologies.
• Get involved in campus organizations to develop leadership abilities and interpersonal skills.
• Consider earning a minor or double major to qualify for particular areas of interest, e.g. learn a foreign language for translating/interpreting positions.

• Seek multiple volunteer and internship positions to gain experience and build contacts in the field.
• Obtain leadership roles in relevant campus and community organizations.
• Develop strong communication and research skills.
• Learn how to write grants and gain an understanding of budgeting and fiscal management.
• Investigate term of service or service corps positions as a way to gain entry into the field.
• Research organizations’ values to find a good fit with yours.
• Consider earning a graduate degree for more job opportunities and advancement.

• Develop career goals and seek relevant experiences to prepare for those goals.
• Earn a minor in business or supplement curriculum with business or communication courses.
• Obtain relevant experience through part-time jobs or internships.
• Work a part-time or summer job in a retail store.  Demonstrate a willingness to take on additional responsibilities such as “assistant manager.”
• Participate in student organizations and seek leadership roles.
• Learn to work well with different types of people
• Develop a strong commitment to customer satisfaction.
• For sales, develop the ability to work well under pressure and be comfortable in a competitive environment.
• Be willing to start in a management-trainee program or other entry-level/developmental positions.
• When job searching, seek employers interested in hiring “any major.”
• Understand the top skills employers desire and be prepared to demonstrate them, such as communication (oral and written), computer, interpersonal, leadership and teamwork, etc.

• Minor or double major in a communications field.
• Develop excellent communication skills, both written and verbal.
• Submit articles or books for publication.
• Work for campus or student run publications.
• Demonstrate talent, persistence, assertiveness, competitive spirit, and enthusiasm.
• Compile a portfolio of writing, graphics and ideas.
• Develop strong computer skills.
• Obtain internship, summer or part-time experience with book, magazine, or newspaper publishers.
• Develop an attention to detail and ability to meet deadlines.

Description: Designing new homes or renovating existing ones for either single or multiple families.

• Shadow, volunteer, or intern in an architect’s office to gain exposure to the field.
• Develop strong communication skills and patience which are important when working with individuals in designing their homes.
• Study houses and architecture styles and read books and magazines about architecture.

Description: Designing office buildings, factories, laboratories, malls, schools and other commercial or government facilities.

• Seek part-time jobs and/or internships to gain relevant experience.
• Learn the technical side of preparing construction documents; spend time in the field to understand the mechanics of construction.
• Research the various jobs and processes that will take place in the buildings.
• Seek advanced training if specializing in a certain typology such as historic preservation and renovation or a certain type of building such as schools or hospitals.
• Get involved in leadership roles on campus; architects may serve as project leaders coordinating the work of engineers and contractors.
• Develop strong writing skills which are necessary for advancement.

• Specialized training or advanced degrees may be required, e.g. masters in urban planning, degrees in landscape design, interior design, etc.
• Learn about real estate market and local supply and demand.
• A contractor’s license is considered valuable for working in the design/build area of architecture.
• MBA degree may open more opportunities within business and industry.
• Many large corporations employ architects to serve as client representatives when working with architectural firms.
• Earn JD for law practice. Experience in architecture and construction will help prepare one for contract negotiation and litigation.
• Take courses in English and journalism to develop writing skills. Get involved with campus publications.

• A doctoral degree in architecture is preferred and/or required for full-time professorships.
• Professional experience and licensure in the field of architecture is beneficial.
• Develop a working knowledge in the building design or construction industry, along with knowledge of CADD, project planning, and estimating.
• Create a portfolio for faculty review.

• Get experience in the construction and contracting field.
• Seek knowledge about construction of buildings during earlier periods. Gain technical experience in problems that occur with historic buildings such as complications from climatic and environmental conditions over time.
• Join the National Trust for Historic Preservation.

• Gain relevant experience through internships or volunteer positions in museums or galleries.
• Visit museums around the country and world to gain exposure to art.
• Learn a foreign language and plan to study abroad.
• Supplement curriculum with courses in history, religion, anthropology, and classical civilizations.
• Most art historians will specialize in a period or region.
• Acquire strong skills in research, fundraising, speaking, writing, and an attention to detail.
• Plan to earn a graduate degree in art history, museum studies, or other related discipline depending on specific interests. Each specialty has varying qualifications and required training.
• Develop good interpersonal skills, including the ability to work well on teams.
• Read published resources provided by the American Association of Museums (AAM).

• Learn to communicate effectively with a wide range of people. Take additional courses in interpersonal communication and public speaking.
• Pursue a business minor to increase knowledge of business principles. An understanding of public relations is also helpful.
• Prepare to work independently and be self- motivated.
• Plan to work irregular or long hours.
• Entrepreneurial spirit, including self-discipline and perseverance, are keys to success.
• Obtain sales experience through internships or summer and part-time jobs.
• Volunteer in museums, membership drives, local galleries, and community outreach programs.
• Serve as a student assistant in a university gallery.
• Research certificate programs in appraisal studies to prepare for that field.
• Consider earning a minor in a foreign language.

• Develop excellent speaking, writing, and research skills.
• Learn how to develop curriculum and workshops and how to use multimedia.
• Become an expert in a particular subject.
• Acquire a background in foreign languages such as German or French.
• Obtain degree and certification in art education for public school teaching.
• Ph.D. is required for teaching and research in colleges and universities. Teaching art history at this level is extremely competitive.
• Earn a master’s degree in information science for librarianships or college student personnel/higher education administration for other positions in colleges and universities.
• Maintain a high grade point average and secure strong faculty recommendations.
• Seek campus leadership positions such as peer mentor, orientation leader, or resident assistant.

• Consider obtaining a minor or double major in journalism or broadcasting/electronic media, English, or theater depending upon interests.
• Develop excellent writing and editing skills along with knowledge of the history and culture of art.
• Learn web design skills to prepare for online work. This area of journalism is growing while print is declining.
• Become comfortable working in a deadline-oriented atmosphere.
• Work with campus or local newspapers, TV, or radio stations. Create a portfolio of work samples, especially those that have been published.
• Seek opportunities for recognition and networking through writing contests and freelance writing submissions.
• Complete internships, even if unpaid, in movie studios or other relevant organizations.

• Gain experience through volunteering or completing an internship.
• Supplement curriculum with courses in business, psychology, sociology, or social work.
• Obtain leadership roles in relevant campus and community organizations.
• Develop strong communication and research skills.
• Learn how to write grants.
• Research organizations’ values to find a good fit with yours. It is critical that you are knowledgeable about and committed to the work you’re going to do.
• Investigate term of service or service corps positions as a way to gain entry into the field.
• Earn a graduate degree for more job opportunities and advancement.

• Maintain a strong grade point average as many government programs are very competitive.
• Complete an internship with the federal government.
• There are a large number of specialized agencies within the federal government. Do extensive research to find the area that best fits your interests.
• Earn a graduate degree for advancement.
• Become familiar with the government application process. Utilize applicable websites and seek assistance from your college career center.
• Develop a network of contacts through informational interviews and referrals.

• Develop strong analytical, verbal, and writing skills.
• Acquire a business minor or add business as a double major.
• Gain experience in an area of interest through internships or other employment.
• Obtain leadership roles in campus organizations.
• Demonstrate excellent interpersonal skills.
• Hone computer skills and learn software packages
  for databases, spreadsheets, and presentations.
• Be prepared to start in entry level positions, such as management trainee programs.

• Plan to take coursework in biology, chemistry, and mathematics and demonstrate proficiency.
• Choose courses with laboratory components to build experimental and instrumentation skills.
• Gain experience in area of interest through internships, research with professors and/or complete a senior research project.
• Complete a certificate training program, usually one year, to learn specialized laboratory techniques. Certification requirements vary by state.
• Develop strong communication and interpersonal skills for sharing data as well as collaborating with multi-disciplinary teams of scientists.
• Take a course in grant writing, as many scientists and professors seek funding to support their research and teaching.
• Earn a master’s degree or Ph.D. to advance into college or university teaching or for directing scientific research in government laboratories or industry.
• Consider pursuing a postdoctoral fellowship, generally two-three years, after earning a Ph.D. to gain additional research experience.

• Plan to attend medical school or other related graduate program.
• Research accredited institutions. Check graduation rates, success rates on licensing exams, cost, location, etc. Speak with current students.
• Maintain an outstanding grade point average, particularly in the sciences. Meet with a pre-health advisor periodically to discuss curricular decisions and admissions test preparation.
• Join related student organizations (i.e., student chapters of the American Medical Association, Academy of Student Pharmacists, Health Occupations Students of America, etc.). Demonstrate leadership abilities.
  Volunteer or intern in a healthcare setting such as a hospital, rehabilitation facility, pharmacy, etc. based on your interests.  Graduate and professional schools seek students with tested experience.
• Consider pursuing certification as a medical laboratory technologist or technician.  Licensure varies by state.
• Secure strong faculty recommendations who will attest to your interest in the healthcare field as well as your academic ability and work ethic.
• Research the various fields within healthcare to determine a particular career goal.
• Develop a parallel plan in case medical/graduate school admission is denied.

• Supplement biochemistry degree with either additional coursework or a minor in a specialty area such as journalism, technical writing, business, or mathematics.
• Become familiar with desktop publishing and other software packages particularly for communications-related positions.
• Gain experience through internships, part-time work, or summer jobs to test interest in a field and network.  According to your goal, consider writing for the school newspaper, working at your campus computer lab, or pursuing sales/marketing opportunities.
• Develop strong written and oral communication skills which are necessary across industries.
• Be prepared to start in entry-level business positions such as management trainee programs.
• Obtain an MBA or Ph.D. to reach high levels of management and administration.
• To pursue a J.D., participate in mock trial and pre-law associations and research the law school admissions process.

• Develop excellent communication skills, verbal and written, for interacting with students, colleagues, and parents.
• Gain experience working with age group of interest through volunteering and tutoring.
• Become skilled in the use of computers and laboratory equipment.
• Considering joining a professional teaching association such as the National Science Teachers Association or the National Association of Biology Teachers for current information on the field and for networking opportunities.
• Acquire appropriate certification for K-12 teaching opportunities.
• Due to science teacher shortages in some areas, consider researching alternative certification programs which may offer a faster route to secondary teaching opportunities.
• Seek advanced degree required for specialists, education administration, college teaching, and other professional positions.
• Prepare to attend graduate school by maintaining a high grade point average and securing strong faculty recommendations for post-secondary teaching.  A master’s degree is sufficient for teaching at some two year-institutions.
• Complete Ph.D. for college or university teaching.

• Learn to set up, operate, maintain laboratory instruments and equipment, and monitor experiments.
• Select courses with laboratory components, and seek research experience with professors.
• Gain related experience through part-time jobs, internships, or volunteering.
• Complete a certificate training program, usually one year, to learn specialized laboratory techniques.
• Take a course in grant writing, as often research is funded in this manner.
• A bachelor’s degree in biology qualifies one for laboratory technician or research assistant positions.
• Earn master’s degree for advancement opportunities, more responsibility and higher pay.
• Obtain Ph.D. to direct research projects and lead research teams.
• Maintain a high grade point average and secure strong faculty recommendations to gain admittance into graduate school.

• Plan to attend medical school or other related graduate program.
• Meet with a pre-health advisor periodically to discuss curricular decisions.
• Maintain a high grade point average, particularly in the sciences, to improve chances of admission to graduate or professional school.
• Research accredited institutions. Check graduation rates, success rates on licensing exams, cost, location, etc. Speak with current students.
• Secure strong faculty recommendations.
• Join related student organizations and demonstrate leadership abilities.
• Seek experience in healthcare settings through volunteer, shadowing, part-time jobs, or internships.
• Research all of the various fields within medicine to determine career goals, and develop a back-up plan in case medical/graduate school admission is denied.

• Gain laboratory experience through coursework and through faculty-led research projects.
• Learn to set up, operate, maintain laboratory instruments and equipment, and monitor experiments.
• Seek internships, part-time employment and volunteer opportunities in the biomedical field.  Utilize your campus career center for assistance securing government internships.
• Take courses in area(s) of specialization, such as genetics or pharmacology.
• Join student chapters of professional organizations related to your area of interest to maintain knowledge of your desired field.
• Obtain a Ph.D. for teaching and advanced research and management positions, which requires  navigating a competitive admissions process with strong faculty recommendations, grades, and relevant experience.

• Conduct research or assist in research including the collection of information and samples of water, soil, plants, animals, etc.
• Pursue extensive laboratory and research experience by working with faculty, through independent research classes, as a student employee, or through other departmental programs.
• Plan to gain related part-time jobs, internships, or volunteer experiences.
• Seek additional coursework in an area of specialty, i.e., botany, ecology, genetics.
• Join student chapters of professional organizations related to your area of interest.
• Build relationships with faculty who can serve as graduate school references, and maintain a high GPA for competitive admission to medical school.
• Obtain a Ph.D. for teaching and advanced research and management positions.

• Gain practical experience conducting research, collecting and analyzing data, and using laboratory/field techniques in collaboration with professors and through internships.
• Hone your ability to gather, assess, evaluate, interpret, and share technical and scientific information.
• Seek current knowledge of medical, agricultural, pharmaceutical, or environmental issues, trends, regulations.
  Join horticultural, agronomy, biotechnology clubs or other student professional associations to network and cultivate related academic interests.
• Pursue a master’s or doctoral degree to specialize and for advancement in the field.  Some federal and private agency and research positions require a graduate degree.
• Maintain a strong grade point average to be competitive for graduate school admission.

• Develop multiple areas of specialization through coursework, minors, double-majors in molecular biology, mathematics, statistics, computer science, or machine learning.
• Develop strong programming and database management skills; fluency in several programming languages is helpful.
• Learn biological software systems.
• Complete an internship in the areas of tool building, usage, or maintenance.
• Seek master’s or Ph.D. degree for increased advancement opportunities.

• Gain experience working with students through tutoring, part-time employment, or volunteering.
• Learn to work well with people of varying backgrounds and skills.
• Develop excellent interpersonal, communication, and content area knowledge.
• Complete a teacher preparation program for K-12 positions, which varies by state.  A major in content area is required for secondary education in most states.
• Master’s degrees may be sufficient for teaching at community or two-year institutions.
• Seek Ph.D. for teaching opportunities at colleges and universities.

• Acquire thorough knowledge of photographic procedures and technology.
• Take specific courses in biological, medical, and ophthalmic photography; courses in illustration and printing are also helpful.
• Develop strong writing skills and command of the English language.
• Take advanced courses in technical writing or journalism classes or consider a minor in either.
• Join professional associations like the National Association of Science Writers or the Public Relations Student Society of America.
• Seek related volunteer or paid experiences with student/local publications to increase marketability.
• Consider earning an advanced degree in a communications field to specialize, i.e. scientific journalism or public relations.

• Develop strong research and writing skills.  Enhance communication skills through public speaking courses, debate team, or Toast Masters (a public speaking organization).
• Maintain current knowledge of industry trends, laws and policies specific to area of interest, i.e. environment, food safety, regulatory programs, etc.
• Acquire internships in federal or state government. Utilize applicable websites and seek assistance from your college career center.
• Take courses in history, political science and/or legal studies to supplement science curriculum.
• To pursue a J.D., participate in mock trial and pre-law associations, learn law school admissions process.

• Develop excellent communication and interpersonal skills, and demonstrate a high energy level.
• Take courses in anatomy, pharmacology, and chemistry to supplement curriculum.  Consider a business minor.
• Seek experience through part-time jobs and internships in business; experience in sales may be necessary for some positions.
• Join related student associations and pursue leadership positions.
• Be prepared to start in entry level positions, such as management trainee programs.
• Consider an MBA or Professional Science Master’s to advance into higher levels of business management, consulting, research, and brand management.

• Pursue experience in government or industry through co-ops, internships or part-time jobs in specialized area of interest.
• Take additional courses in biology, biochemistry, water chemistry, soil chemistry, geology, etc. to support understanding of environmental impact.
• Seek knowledge of current environmental issues, particularly those related to water and soil protection.
• Prepare to work with individuals and on teams.  Consider participating in team design competitions.
• Develop strong verbal and written communication skills along with laboratory and research skills.
• Participate in related clubs and organizations like the student chapter of The American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers or The Plant, Soil and Environmental Sciences Club.

• Develop strong knowledge of engineering principles with practical application to design and integrate equipment, sensors and facilities that handle, process and control biological materials.
• Take courses that relate to machine design, monitoring, automation and safety, e.g. power transmission, hydraulic power, GIS/GPS application, etc.
• Seek related experience through co-ops, internships and part-time jobs in biosystems engineering field.
• Develop analytical, problem solving, computer, communication and design skills through coursework, research with faculty and participation in student chapters of professional organizations.

• Develop strong knowledge of engineering principles with practical application to design and integrate equipment, sensors and facilities that handle, process and control biological materials.
• Take courses that relate to monitoring and instrumentation, e.g. circuits, instrumentation and controls, geomatics, GIS/GPS application, etc.
• Seek related experience through co-ops, internships and part-time jobs in biosystems engineering field.
• Develop analytical, problem solving, computer, communication and design skills through coursework, research with faculty and participation in student chapters of professional organizations.

• Seek related experience in agricultural production or processing through co-ops, internships or part-time jobs.
• Learn about the work of regulatory agencies and stay current on industry and product trends.
• Develop excellent laboratory, research and computer skills.  Strong communications skills are necessary for working with teams of colleagues.
• Participate in related clubs and organizations like the student chapter of The American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers to build contacts and cultivate related interests.

• Seek experience in alternative energy production or conservation through co-ops, internships or part-time jobs.
• Maintain knowledge of current alternative energy trends and regulations.
• Develop strong verbal and written communication skills.
• Seek extensive laboratory and research experience to obtain research positions.
• Obtain Ph.D. for optimal teaching and research careers.
• Become familiar with the federal job application and employment procedures.
• Participate in campus and community organizations focusing on alternative energy production and environmental protection, i.e. The Department of Energy’s Solar Decathlon Competition.

• Pursue experience in some aspect of production through internships or research with private or government organizations.
• Take courses pertaining to fish genetics, fish diseases, aquatic ecology, water quality, principles of aquaculture, hatchery management, production methods, etc.  Additional courses in business may be helpful for management positions.
• Stay abreast of current laws regulating food safety and production in the aquaculture industry.
• Seek membership in professional organizations such as the Aquacultural Engineering Society to network with colleagues and gain knowledge of the field.

• Pursue experience in nursery, greenhouse or agricultural operations through part-time jobs, internships or co-ops to learn the about the industry.
• Take additional courses to support area of specialization such as plant physiology, plant propagation, animal breeding and genetics, animal nutrition, etc.
• Participate in design contests through the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers to apply coursework knowledge to real world problems and build professional contacts.
• Cultivate communication, design and teamwork skills.

• Prepare to start in entry-level management trainee positions. Demonstrate initiative and leadership to get promoted.
• Gain experience through internships or summer and part-time jobs.
• Work at a retail store or restaurant; advance into an assistant manager position.
• Get involved in student organizations and assume leadership roles.
• Demonstrate an entrepreneurial spirit, a strong work ethic, integrity, and a sense of independence.
• Take courses in a secondary specialty such as marketing or information systems to increase job opportunities.
• Learn to work well on a team and develop strong communication skills.

• Obtain experience through internships or summer and part-time jobs.
• Seek leadership positions in campus organizations.
• Work for the campus newspaper, directory, or radio station selling advertisements.
• Become highly motivated and well-organized.
• Develop a strong commitment to customer satisfaction.
• To deliver effective customer service, develop problem solving skills, self-confidence, assertiveness, and empathy.
• Learn to work well under pressure and to be comfortable in a competitive environment.
• Prepare to work independently and to be self-motivated. Plan to work irregular and/or long hours.
• Learn to communicate effectively with a wide range of people. Take additional courses in interpersonal communication and public speaking.
• Develop strong persuasion skills and learn how to build relationships.
• Some positions in sales, such as pharmaceuticals, require at least one to two years of a proven record in outside sales. Be prepared to start in a different industry before getting a job in pharmaceuticals.

• Complete an internship with an insurance agency.
• Talk to professionals in the industry to learn more about claims, underwriting, and risk management. Many entry-level positions exist in these areas.
• Initiative and sales ability are necessary to be a successful agent or broker.
• Develop strong communication skills as many positions require interaction with others and the ability to explain information clearly and concisely.

• Develop a solid background in business including marketing and accounting.
• Get experience through part-time, summer, or internship positions in a bank.
• Develop strong interpersonal and communication skills in order to work well with a diverse clientele.

• Obtain sales experience through part-time, summer, or internship positions.
• Research the process of becoming a real estate broker through the National Association of Realtors.
• Develop an entrepreneurial spirit.
• Investigate apprenticeships in appraisal.

• Take courses in the social sciences such as psychology and sociology.
• Gain relevant experience through internships.
• Develop strong verbal and written communication skills.
• Learn to solve problems creatively, and gain experience with conflict resolution.
• Build a solid background in technology because many human resource systems are automated.
• Join the Society of Human Resource and other related professional associations.
• Be prepared for continuous learning once in the profession.
• Seek endorsements such as the Professional Human Resource Certification (PHR).
• Earn a master’s degree for career advancement or a law degree for employment law.

• Develop strong verbal, written, teamwork and problem-solving skills.
• Choose courses with laboratory components to build experimental and instrumentation skills.
• Gain experience in area of interest through internships, research with professors and/or complete a senior research project.
• Consider taking a course in grant writing.
• Earn master’s degree in chemistry for advanced positions, greater responsibility and higher pay.
• Obtain Ph.D. to direct research projects and lead research teams.

Agricultural chemistry addresses the chemical processes associated with the production, protection and usage of crops and livestock.

• Maintain awareness of current environmental issues including policy, conservation, and industry trends.
• Pursue coursework in biology, biochemistry, water chemistry, soil chemistry, geology, etc. to support understanding of environmental impact.
• Develop strong verbal and written communication skills for work with interdisciplinary teams.
• Seek related experience through co-ops, internships, or part-time jobs in specialized area of interest.

Analytical chemistry focuses on determining the composition and structure of matter and has applications to all areas of chemistry.

• Seek extensive laboratory and research experience along with courses in quantitative, qualitative and instrumental analyses.
• Pursue advanced instrumentation and computer skills along with knowledge of statistics.
• Develop attention to detail and strong problem solving skills.
• Take electives in your field of interest, as some employers seek candidates with expertise in particular areas of analysis such as environment or pharmaceuticals.
• Obtain knowledge of fundamental business principles to assist in meeting the goals of industry.

Biochemistry references the study of chemical properties within living systems.

• Consider taking courses to specialize in biology, molecular biology, genetics, biophysics or biophysical methods, as this field is often linked to other disciplines.
• Develop excellent laboratory and computer skills. Strong oral and written communications skills are necessary for working with teams of scientists.
• Seek undergraduate research opportunities with professors and plan to complete internships related to your area of interest.
• Join related professional organizations such as the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.

Discipline combines chemistry and engineering to solve problems involving the use or production of chemicals.

• Consider double majors in chemistry and engineering.
• Develop exceptional communication and interpersonal skills for work on multidisciplinary teams. Attention to detail is crucial.
• Pursue experimental design, data interpretation and problem solving competence through coursework and research with professors.
• Seek internship or co-op experiences in the chemical engineering field.
• Join professional associations such as American Institute of Chemical Engineers to maintain current knowledge of opportunities in the field.
• Research Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam requirements, as this exam is typically the first step in becoming a Professional Engineer (PE).

Geochemistry includes study of the liquids, gases and mineral deposits of rock to guide scientific and industrial applications.

• Build a strong background in analytical, physical and environmental chemistry. Pursue courses in hydrology, sedimentology, toxicology, plant ecology, oceanography for environmental work.
• Plan to take courses with laboratory components and seek geochemistry part-time jobs and internships.
• Maintain awareness of current environmental issues including policy, conservation, and industry trends for entry into environmental management or remediation.
• Geochemists working with the oil industry may work in areas where deposits are found. The industry is subject to fluctuation making some work contractual.
• Join the Geological Society of America and other environmental organizations.

Inorganic chemistry addresses the behavior of inorganic and organometallic compounds and how these materials can be modified for product applications.

• Prepare a strong background in inorganic chemistry with classes in physics, materials science and chemical engineering.
• Develop excellent communication skills for work with other disciplines including materials scientists, physicists and engineers.
• Seek experimental design and analytical research chemistry experience.
• Inquire about grant writing training, as the inorganic chemistry job market is tight, and some scientists are required to solicit monetary support for their work through government, industry and private foundations.

Materials science focuses on the development of new materials and the improvement of existing ones.

• Earn an undergraduate degree in chemistry, engineering or physics for entry into the materials science field.
• Build laboratory and research experience as an undergraduate through coursework, projects with professors, co-ops or internships.
• Develop effective problem solving, communication and teamwork skills for collaborating with professionals in other fields.
• Seek undergraduate membership in professional organizations such as the American Society for Materials to learn more about opportunities in the field and to build professional contacts.
• Plan to pursue a graduate degree to specialize in a particular material, process or characterization technique.

Organic chemistry is the study of the structure, properties and reactions of natural and synthetic carbon-containing compounds to create uses for existing or new materials.

• Cultivate attention to detail, curiosity and problem solving skills. Strong oral and written communication skills are also essential.
• Seek chemistry-related research experience through work with professors, co-ops, internships or part-time jobs.
• Develop effective technical laboratory skills for work with instruments including chromatography, spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance. Knowledge of computer programs with 3d modeling capabilities may be advantageous.

Physical chemistry is a broad, interdisciplinary field applying techniques and theories from physics to study chemical systems.

• Develop a strong background in chemistry, math and physics. Interest in study at the atomic level is central to physical chemistry.
• Enhance knowledge of quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, kinetics, structure, electronics and optics through additional classes.
• Seek coursework with laboratory components to build technical skills with both instruments and computers
• Pursue physical chemistry internships, co-ops and/or research projects to learn about practical applications of the field and increase job marketability.

Polymer chemistry is an interdisciplinary field in which molecular structures are modified by chemical processes to develop a material’s functionality.

• Plan to take courses in polymers to specialize but be aware that most polymer chemists begin as organic chemists. The market for environmentally-friendly products will likely influence this field in upcoming years.
• Develop effective communication skills for work on teams with scientists and industry professionals.
• Seek exposure to business fundamentals, as polymer chemistry deals closely with end-products.
• Gain research experience through internships, part-time employment and summer jobs.

• Develop excellent communication skills, verbal and written.
• Gain experience working with age group of interest through volunteering and tutoring.
• Become skilled in the use of computers and laboratory equipment.
• Certification is required for K-12 school teachers and varies by state.
• Master’s degrees may be sufficient for teaching at community or two-year institutions.
• Pursue Ph.D. for teaching opportunities at colleges and universities.

• Research various fields within healthcare to determine a particular career goal.
• Plan to attend medical school or other related graduate program. Meet with a pre-health advisor periodically to evaluate progress toward goal.
• Maintain an outstanding grade point average, particularly in the sciences.
• Seek experiences in hospital or healthcare settings through volunteering, shadowing, part-time positions, or internships.
• Join related student organizations. Demonstrate leadership abilities.
• Secure strong faculty recommendations for graduate and professional school admissions.
• Develop a back-up plan in case medical/graduate school admission is denied.

• Develop strong verbal and written communication, interpersonal and organizational skills.
• Supplement chemistry degree with coursework or minor in chosen field, e.g., business, journalism, technical writing.
• Seek sales experience through internships, part-time work or summer jobs.
• Become familiar with desktop publishing and other software packages for scientific journalism and technical writing opportunities. Pursue experience writing for a school or local newspaper.
• Join related student organizations, e.g., American Marketing Association, Financial Management Association, Public Relations Student Society of America, Society for Technical Communication, etc.
• Obtain an MBA or Ph.D. for advancement.
• To pursue a J.D., participate in mock trial and pre-law associations, learn law school admissions process.
• Earn master’s in library and information science, M.L.I.S., for college, university and specialized librarian positions, and join Special Libraries Association, Chemistry Division.

• Obtain experience working with children through volunteer, intern or part-time positions.
• Demonstrate patience, creativity and the ability to work well with people of various backgrounds.
• Develop strong communications skills to deal effectively with students, staff and parents.
• Acquire appropriate certification, such as Child Development Associate (CDA) or Pre-K licensure for some pre-school settings. Certification varies by state.
• Note that some private employers seek staff whose religious values match their organizations’ missions.

• Develop excellent interpersonal, public speaking and writing skills.
• Learn to work well with different types of people.
• Gain experience working with a target age group through mentoring, tutoring or volunteering with a school-based organization.
• Serve as a peer mentor, resident assistant or student advisor to cultivate leadership and communication skills.
• Join student chapters of national teaching organizations.
• Acquire appropriate certification for public school (and some private school) teaching positions, which varies by state.
• Obtain graduate degree for counseling, student affairs and administrative positions.
• A master’s degree may be sufficient for teaching at community or two-year institutions.
• Pursue a Ph.D. for college and university teaching and research opportunities.

• Exhibit a desire to help others, along with communication and organizational skills.
• Seek experience as a volunteer, intern or paid employee with social service or non-profit organizations.
• Become familiar with government and community resources available for those in need.
• Develop a wide range of skills such as presenting, grant writing and fundraising, as professionals in nonprofit organizations may fill multiple roles in their positions.
• Learn to work well with different types of people from varying socioeconomic, racial, ethnic and religious backgrounds.
• Supplement curriculum with courses in social work, sociology or psychology.
• Pursue additional coursework to specialize in an area or with a certain population such as addiction, gerontology, child welfare, etc.
• Consider earning Certified Family Life Educator (CFLE) credential through the National Council on Family Relations.
• Become familiar with government hiring procedures.
• Obtain a master’s degree and appropriate licensure in mental health counseling, social work or rehabilitation counseling to provide therapy.
• Earn a graduate degree for greater access to administrative positions.

• Demonstrate strong desire to help others.
• Volunteer at social service agencies to gain experience and demonstrate interest.
• Participate in campus “alternative break” trips or church-led mission trips to gain experience assisting groups in need.
• Pursue leadership roles in campus and community advocacy organizations, and learn how to motivate individuals and groups.
• Develop excellent research, writing, communication and organizational skills; fundraising experience may be helpful for some positions.
• Complete an internship with a government organization in area of interest.
• Research federal, state and local job application procedures.

• Volunteer in a healthcare setting such as a hospital or specialized children’s camp.
• Develop a high comfort level working in clinical environments with children and families under stress.
• Acquire strong communication skills, and plan to work on interdisciplinary teams of doctors, nurses, counselors, etc. who provide care to children.
• Obtain Child Life Specialist certification through the Child Life Council, and be willing to relocate for greater access to positions in children’s hospitals.
• Prepare to work nights, weekends and holidays in some healthcare settings.
• Earn a master’s degree in social work, counseling, nutrition, public health or related area for increased opportunities.

• Develop excellent grammar and writing skills.
• Learn to think critically and research effectively.
• Take elective courses in the communications field such as journalism, broadcasting, public relations and advertising, or earn a minor in one area of interest.
• Obtain experience with a college newspaper, yearbook, alumni publication or with local radio or television stations.
• Compile a portfolio of writing samples, ad campaigns and other relevant work, especially those that have been published.
• Develop desktop publishing, webpage design and other computer skills. Online communication is increasing, while print is declining.
• Pursue an active role, preferably leadership, in journalism organizations.
• Prepare to work in deadline-oriented environments and to withstand criticism.

• Earn a Ph.D. for college/university teaching or a graduate degree in college student affairs or library/information science for other university positions.
• Learn the certification process for teaching K-12. Acquire certification in additional subject areas for increased job possibilities.
• Maintain a high grade point average and develop strong recommendations from faculty.
• Get involved on campus as a resident assistant, orientation leader, admissions guide, etc.

• Minor in art history or take other relevant courses.
• Develop excellent writing and communication skills.
• Volunteer or intern in an art or historical museum.
• Earn a graduate degree in museum studies, art history, library/information science, or other related field.
• Be prepared to relocate to areas with higher concentrations of art-related employers.

• Learn federal, state, and local job application process.
• Take additional courses or earn a minor in area of interest.
• Gain relevant work experience through government internship programs.
• Earn a master’s or professional degree in a related field to qualify for the most job opportunities.
• Get involved in campus leadership roles.
• Develop excellent written and oral communication skills.

• Volunteer or intern with social service organizations.
• Learn to work well with people of diverse backgrounds.
• Develop excellent communication skills.
• Take a course in grant writing.
• Join a service fraternity or get involved in community service projects.

• Develop excellent writing and research skills.
• Take courses in applicable areas such as English, technical writing, or journalism.
• Gain related work experience by completing an internship.
• Develop a portfolio of writing samples.
• Write for campus or community newspapers.
• Learn appropriate computer software packages.

• Many businesses hire students of “any major” if they have relevant experience and have developed the skills employers seek.
• Minor in business or another relevant field.
• Obtain related experience through internships, summer, and part-time jobs.
• Develop strong technical and analytical skills.
• Learn to work well on a team.
• Get involved in campus organizations and seek leadership roles.

• Develop strong research skills and attention to detail.
• Participate in a debate or forensic team to hone communication skills.
• Take courses in and gain experience with mediation and conflict resolution.
• Get involved with pre-law organizations.
• Obtain a summer or part-time job in a law firm.
• Plan to shadow an attorney to learn more about the field and various specialties.
• Complete special training requirements for paralegal positions.
• Attend law school and earn a J.D. to become an attorney. Maintain an excellent grade point average and secure strong faculty recommendations to gain law school admittance. Plan to take the LSAT.

• Plan on attending medical school or other related graduate program. Alternative undergraduate degrees may be preferred by some medical schools.
• Take applicable prerequisites for medical/professional school and maintain an excellent grade point average, particularly in the sciences.
• Meet with a pre-health advisor periodically.
• Seek experiences in hospital or healthcare settings through volunteering, shadowing, part-time positions, or internships.
• Get involved in campus organizations and take leadership roles.
• Secure strong faculty recommendations.
• Join related student organizations, and demonstrate leadership abilities.
• Prepare for applicable graduate admission exams, e.g. the MCAT or GRE.

• Earn a minor in business or take business classes.
• Develop strong verbal and written communication, interpersonal, and analytical skills.
• Learn to work well on a team.
• Seek leadership roles in other campus organizations.
• Gain experience through internships, part-time, or summer jobs.
• Develop computer skills in areas such as spread sheets, databases, and presentation software.
• Join related professional associations.
• Conduct informational interviews to learn about jobs of interest and to build a network of contacts.
• Be prepared to start in entry-level positions such as management trainee programs.
• Look for companies that have an interest in hiring “any major.”

• Take courses in marketing, advertising, public relations, or other area of interest.
• Gain experience through internships, even if unpaid.
• Develop excellent writing and public speaking skills.
• Serve as public relations officer of an organization.
• Develop a portfolio of writing samples, ad campaigns, and other relevant work.
• Join related professional associations.
• Find a mentor in a related field to provide career guidance.
• Consider moving to cities with larger numbers of job opportunities.
• Be prepared to start at the bottom and work into positions with greater responsibility.

• Take elective courses in journalism, broadcasting, public relations, and advertising.
• Develop excellent interpersonal, presentation, and research skills.
• Work for campus or local newspaper, radio station, or television station.
• Get related experience through internships, even if unpaid.
• Learn webpage design and software packages relevant to publishing and media.
• Develop a portfolio or audition tape depending on the industry.
• Be willing to take any job in the field to get a foot in the door.

• Take courses in psychology, sociology, or social work to broaden perspective.
• Develop a wide array of skills including writing, speaking, budgeting, and grant writing.
• Obtain leadership roles in relevant campus, church, or community groups.
• Complete one or more internship(s) with nonprofit organizations.
• Learn to work well with different types of people.
• Demonstrate knowledge and experience in a specialty area, e.g. public health, environment, urban issues.
• Research organizations’ values to find a good fit with yours. It is critical that you are knowledgeable about and and care about the organizations’ missions.
• Consider earning a master’s degree in public administration or non-profit administration.
• For religious work, research requirements to enter leadership in the faith you want to pursue. For example, Master of Divinity and denominational ordination are required for most clergy positions.

• Minor in an applicable interest area such as business, political science, or public administration.
• Take courses in conflict management and develop negotiation skills.
• Volunteer to work on a local or national political campaigns.
• Join related student organizations and earn leadership roles. Get involved with student government and campus campaigns.
• Complete an internship with a government agency to get a foot in the door.
• Maintain a strong grade point average as many government programs are very competitive.
• Learn local, state, and federal government job application procedures. Visit the campus career center for assistance.
• Develop a network of contacts through informational interviews and referrals.

• Develop strong research skills and attention to detail.
• Participate in debate or forensic team to hone communication skills.
• Choose courses or a minor to specialize in a particular area of law, e.g. a minor in business for a career in corporate law.
• Find part-time or summer work in a law firm.
• Shadow an attorney to learn more about the field and various specialties.
• Get involved in pre-law organizations.
• Plan to attend law school and earn a law degree. Maintain a high grade point average and secure strong faculty recommendations. Prepare for the LSAT (Law School Admission Test).
• Obtain specialized certification for paralegal positions.

• Ph.D. required for teaching and research in colleges and universities. Maintain a high grade point average and secure strong faculty recommendations. Assist a faculty member with research.
• Earn a master’s degree in information science for librarianships or college student personnel/higher education administration for other positions.
• Develop strong interpersonal communication and public speaking skills.
• Get involved in campus leadership roles in residence halls, student unions/activities, programming boards, orientation, admissions, etc.
• Learn to work well with a variety of people.